Medemer ve Ulus-Devlet Çağında Etiyopya: Heterojen Bir Yapıyı Ayakta Tutma Stratejisi
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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17347381Anahtar Kelimeler:
Post-emperyal devlet, Siyasal uzlaşma, Duygusal bütünleşme, Devlet inşası, Medemer söylemiÖzet
Afrika’nın sömürge geçmişinden farklı olarak Etiyopya, devlet sürekliliğini kesintisiz biçimde koruyan nadir ülkelerden biridir. Ancak bu tarihsel süreklilik, ulusal kimliğin ortak biçimde inşasıyla değil, imparatorluk mirasının devamı yoluyla oluşmuştur. Bu durum, güçlü bir devlet geleneğine rağmen zayıf bir ulusal aidiyet bilincine yol açmıştır. Literatürde, bu tür devletlerde siyasal istikrarın kurumsal yapılar kadar güç paylaşımına ve elitler arası uzlaşmalara dayandığı belirtilmektedir. Buna karşın Etiyopya’da etnik temsiliyet biçimsel olarak genişlemiş olsa da siyasal kararlar merkezî düzeyde yoğunlaşmıştır. Bu makale, söz konusu yapısal sürekliliğin ve merkezîleşmenin ulusal bütünleşme üzerindeki etkilerini post-imperial devlet, siyasal uzlaşma ve duygusal bütünleşme kavramları üzerinden incelemektedir. Bu çerçeve içinde Medemer söylemi, farklı etnik kimlikleri ortak fayda ve ahlaki birlik ilkeleri etrafında bir araya getirme girişimi olarak ele alınmıştır. Çalışma, karşılaştırmalı tarihsel analiz ve söylem çözümlemesini birleştiren nitel bir yaklaşım benimsemektedir. Sonuç olarak çalışma, Etiyopya’da ulus inşasının yalnızca siyasal değil, yeniden bütünleşme dinamiklerine bağlı olduğunu göstermektedir.
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